Caracterización de la huella biológica de mucosa nasal vs pólipos nasales mediante espectroscopia FTIR

Resumen

OBJETIVO: Comparar la huella biológica de mucosa nasal vs pólipos nasales usando espectroscopia FTIR para determinar los cambios biomoleculares.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, descriptivo, transversal de casos y controles en el que se tomaron muestras de mucosa sana y de pólipos nasosinusales de pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica polipoidea. Se analizaron mediante espectroscopia FTIR en modo de reflectancia total atenuada y su función de mapeo bioquímico. Asimismo, se realizó análisis histopatológico mediante tinción de hematoxilina-eosina.

RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 6 muestras de mucosa sana y 14 de pólipos nasosinusales. Se determinó mediante espectroscopia FTIR la huella biológica de la mucosa nasal sana y de pólipos inflamatorios nasosinusales, encontrando diferencias significativas en las regiones de proteínas, carbohidratos y ácidos nucleicos (colágeno y glucosaminoglicanos). Los hallazgos histológicos de los pólipos fueron principalmente metaplasia escamosa, edematización de la mucosa e infiltrado inflamatorio.

CONCLUSIONES: La espectroscopia FTIR permite diferenciar entre mucosa nasal sana y mucosa nasal inflamatoria, con lo que se propone a la espectroscopia FTIR como alternativa de estudio preoperatorio del paciente con rinosinusitis crónica polipoidea.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Rinitis; polipos nasales; bioespectroscopia infrarroja transformada de Fourier.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare the biological footprint of nasal mucosa vs nasal polyps using FTIR spectroscopy to determine biomolecular changes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, case-control study was done taking samples of healthy mucosa and of sinonasal polyps from patients with chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis. They were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode and their biochemical mapping function. Likewise, histopathological analysis was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining.

RESULTS: There were included 6 samples of healthy mucosa and 14 of sinonasal polyps. The biological footprint of the healthy nasal mucosa, as well as of inflammatory sinonasal polyps, was determined by FTIR spectroscopy, finding significant differences in the regions of proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids (collagen and glycosaminoglycans). The histological findings of the polyps were mainly squamous metaplasia, mucosal edema, and inflammatory infiltrate.

CONCLUSIONS: FTIR spectroscopy makes it possible to differentiate between healthy nasal mucosa and inflammatory nasal mucosa, thus proposing FTIR spectroscopy as an alternative for the preoperative study of patients with chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis.

KEYWORDS: Rhinitis; Nasal polyps; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.